![]() ![]() ![]() Elsewhere, the name was used for the Ryukyu Islands in general or Okinawa, the largest of the islands the name Ryūkyū is the Japanese form of Liúqiú. In his Daoyi Zhilüe (1349), Wang Dayuan used " Liuqiu" as a name for the island of Taiwan, or the part of it closest to Penghu. Various names for the island of Taiwan remain in use, each derived from explorers or rulers during a particular historical period. Domestically, the major political contention is between parties favoring eventual Chinese unification and promoting a pan-Chinese identity, contrasted with those aspiring to formal international recognition and promoting a Taiwanese identity into the 21st century, both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal. International organizations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate only on a non-state basis under various names. Many others maintain unofficial diplomatic ties through representative offices and institutions that function as de facto embassies and consulates. Taiwan maintains official diplomatic relations with 12 out of 193 UN member states and the Holy See, which governs Vatican City. Taiwan is claimed by the PRC, which refuses to establish diplomatic relations with countries that recognise the ROC. The ROC maintained its claim of being the sole legitimate representative of China and its territory until 1991, when it ceased to regard the CCP as a rebellious group and recognized its jurisdiction over Mainland China. The ROC no longer represents China as a member of the United Nations after UN members voted in 1971 to recognize the PRC instead. The political status of Taiwan is contentious. It is ranked highly in terms of civil liberties, healthcare, and human development. Taiwan is a developed country, ranking 20th on GDP per capita by purchasing power parity (PPP) and 30th by nominal GDP per capita. Taiwan's export-oriented industrial economy is the 21st-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the 20th-largest by PPP measures, with a focus on steel, machinery, electronics, and chemicals manufacturing. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ROC transitioned from a one-party state under martial law to a multi-party democracy, with democratically elected presidents since 1996. In the early 1960s, Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization called the " Taiwan Miracle". The effective jurisdiction of the ROC has since been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, and smaller islands. The immediate resumption of the Chinese Civil War resulted in the loss of the Chinese mainland to Communist forces, who established the People's Republic of China and the flight of the ROC central government to Taiwan in 1949. Japan would renounce sovereignty over Taiwan in 1952. The Republic of China, which had overthrown the Qing in 1911, took control of Taiwan following the surrender of Japan in 1945. The island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895. ![]() In the 17th century, large-scale Han Chinese (specifically the Hakkas and Hoklos) immigration to western Taiwan began under a Dutch colony and continued under the Kingdom of Tungning, the first predominantly Han Chinese state in Taiwanese history. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island around 6,000 years ago. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries in the world. Other major cities include Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. The capital, Taipei, forms along with New Taipei City and Keelung, the largest metropolitan area in Taiwan. The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 square miles), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The territories controlled by the ROC consist of 168 islands with a combined area of 36,193 square kilometres (13,974 square miles). It is located at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taiwan, officially the Republic of China ( ROC), is a country in East Asia. ![]()
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